05/03/2022
The Unequal Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Infant Health: Research and Data Infrastructure
Friday May 6, 2022 10:30AM-12PM
Zoom link here: http://ow.ly/aCg850IXjBk
The COVID pandemic has taken a large toll on population health and wellbeing. We examine consequences of prenatal exposure for infant health, through which the pandemic may have lasting intergenerational effects. We consider multiple pathways by which the pandemic shaped birth outcomes and examine socioeconomic disparities in these consequences. Analysis of more than 3.5 million birth records in California with universal information on COVID infection during pregnancy reveals deep inequalities in maternal infection by education, race/ethnicity, and place-based socioeconomic disadvantage. Maternal COVID infection, in turn, predicts an increase in the probability of preterm birth by about 34 percent. At the population level, a surprising decline in preterm birth during the first months of the pandemic was followed by an increase in preterm birth during the surge in COVID infections in the winter of 2021. The early-pandemic decline in preterm birth largely benefitted mothers with college education. In contrast, the increase in preterm birth during the winter surge in infections only affected mothers with low levels of schooling. The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to exacerbate U.S. inequality in multiple ways. Our findings suggest a particularly enduring pathway: the long-term legacy of prenatal exposure to an unequal pandemic environment. As the pandemic has progressed, an increasingly important axis of inequality is vaccination against COVID. Vaccine hesitancy is high among pregnant persons, particularly among the poor, racial/ethnic minorities, and those living in rural areas.
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