24/12/2021
๐๐ผ๐บ๐บ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐ป๐ถ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ฟ ( ๐๐๐ป๐ถ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐๐ ๐ฐ๐ผ๐บ๐บ๐๐ป๐ถ๐ )
Juniperus communis, the common juniper, is a species of small tree or shrub in the cypress family Cupressaceae. This evergreen conifer has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30ยฐN latitude in North America, Europe and Asia. Relict populations can be found in the Atlas Mountains of Africa.
Juniperus communis is very variable in form, ranging from 10 m (33 ft)โrarely 16 m (52 ft)โtall to a low, often prostrate spreading shrub in exposed locations. It has needle-like leaves in whorls of three; the leaves are green, with a single white stomatal band on the inner surface. It never attains adult foliage. It is dioecious, with male and female cones, which are wind pollinated, on separate plants.
The fruit are berry-like cones, initially green, ripening in 18 months to purple-black with a blue waxy coating; they are spherical, 4โ12 mm (0.16โ0.47 in) diameter, and usually have three (occasionally six) fleshy fused scales, each scale with a single seed. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard, unwinged seeds in their droppings. The male cones are yellow, 2โ3 mm (0.079โ0.118 in) long, and fall soon after shedding their pollen in MarchโApril.
It is too small to have any general lumber usage. In Scandinavia, however, juniper wood is used for making containers for storing small quantities of dairy products such as butter and cheese, and also for making wooden butter knives. It was also frequently used for trenails in wooden shipbuilding by shipwrights for its tough properties.
Its astringent blue-black seed cones, commonly known as "juniper berries", are too bitter to eat raw and are usually sold dried and used to flavour meats, sauces, and stuffings. They are generally crushed before use to release their flavour. Since juniper berries have a strong taste, they should be used sparingly. They are generally used to enhance meat with a strong flavour, such as game, including game birds, or tongue.
The cones are used to flavour certain beers and gin (the word "gin" derives from an Old French word meaning "juniper"). Juniper is used in the traditional farmhouse ales of Norway,
Sweden, Finland, Estonia, and Latvia.
Juniper berries have long been used as medicine by many cultures including the Navajo people. Western American tribes combined the berries of Juniperus communis with Berberis root bark in a herbal tea. Juniper berries are steam distilled to produce an essential oil that may vary from colorless to yellow or pale green.
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๐ท lotus garden botanicals
