05/06/2026
A 2012 study published in PLOS ONE investigated the effects of sulforaphane, a compound found in cruciferous vegetables, on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Researchers tested purified sulforaphane on several ALL cell lines and primary leukemia cells from pediatric T-ALL and pre-B ALL patients. The treatment caused dose-dependent apoptosis (programmed cell death) and G2/M cell cycle arrest in leukemia cells. These effects were associated with activation of caspases-3, -8, and -9, inactivation of PARP, increased expression of p21, and inhibition of the Cdc2/Cyclin B1 complex.
The study also showed that sulforaphane suppressed key survival pathways, particularly the AKT and mTOR signaling pathways, by reducing the levels of their active proteins. In mouse xenograft models of ALL, oral administration of sulforaphane reduced tumor burden, demonstrating anti-leukemic activity in vivo. The findings suggest that sulforaphane may have potential as an adjunct therapeutic agent for high-risk ALL, especially in cases with activated AKT signaling.
PMID: 23251470 PMCID: PMC3521002