Bruno Kipkoech

03/02/2023

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐇𝐑𝐀𝐗
👉🏻 𝙄𝙉𝙏𝙍𝙊𝘿𝙐𝘾𝙏𝙄𝙊𝙉
>Caused by the Bacillus anthracis (spore forming bacteria)
>Affects:Wild and domestic herbivores (cattle, sheep, goats, camels)
Horses
> Zoonotic
> Incubation period is 3–7 days
👉🏻 𝘾𝙇𝙄𝙉𝙄𝘾𝘼𝙇 𝙁𝙄𝙉𝘿𝙄𝙉𝙂𝙎
✅Peracute form
Staggering, dyspnea, trembling, collapse, a few convulsive movements, and death may occur in cattle, sheep, or goats.
✅Acute form
Abrupt fever and a period of excitement followed by depression, respiratory or cardiac distress, staggering, convulsions, and death.
>Body temperature may reach 107°F (41.5°C), rumination ceases, milk production is reduced, and pregnant animals may abort.
>Bloody discharges from the natural body openings
✅In Horses:-
Fever, chills, severe colic, anorexia, depression, weakness, bloody diarrhea, and swellings of the neck, sternum, lower abdomen, and external genitalia. Death-within 2–3 days of onset.
👉🏻Post Mortem Findings:-
>Rigor mortis is frequently absent.
>Dark blood may ooze from the mouth, nostrils, and a**s with marked bloating.
>Enlarged, dark red or black, soft, semifluid spleen.
>The liver, kidneys, and lymph nodes usually are congested and enlarged. >Meningitis may be found if the skull is opened.
👉🏻 𝘿𝙄𝘼𝙂𝙉𝙊𝙎𝙄𝙎
Cotton swab dipped in the blood and allowed to dry. Nasal turbinates should be swabbed.
Bacterial culture
PCR
Fluorescent antibody stains
Western blot
ELISA
Blood smear.
👉🏻𝘿𝙄𝙁𝙁𝙀𝙍𝙀𝙉𝙏𝙄𝘼𝙇 𝘿𝙄𝘼𝙂𝙉𝙊𝙎𝙄𝙎
Clostridial infections, bloat, and lightning strike.
✅In Cattle
Acute leptospirosis, bacillary hemoglobinuria, anaplasmosis, and acute poisonings by bracken fern, sweet clover, and lead.
✅In Horses
Acute infectious anemia, purpura, colic, lead poisoning, lightning strike, and sunstroke.
👉🏻 𝙋𝙍𝙀𝙑𝙀𝙉𝙏𝙄𝙊𝙉 & 𝘾𝙊𝙉𝙏𝙍𝙊𝙇
Vaccination programs
Rapid detection and reporting
Quarantine, treatment of asymptomatic animals (postexposure prophylaxis), and burning or burial of suspect and confirmed cases.
✅Note:- Vaccination