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24/09/2017

Exercises

Choose the correct verbs so that each tense appears once.
Simple past, past progressive, past perfect simple, past perfect progressive

We

to the cinema last week.
A bird pooed on the window that I
only a minute before.
Yesterday at nine he
in front of his computer.
When their mum got home, the boys

TV for two hours.

Complete the sentences for situations in the past. Decide which tense you need to use.

A plumber (come) to our house yesterday.
He (want) to repair our washing machine that (break) a few days before.
Before he (ring) at my door, he (look) for a parking space for about ten minutes.
While the plumber (repair) the washing machine, I (watch) the news.
Suddenly, I (realise) that they (show) our street on TV.
The reporter (say) that a car (crash) into a stop sign just before reaching the crossroads.
While I (listen) carefully to what (happen) , someone (knock) at my door.
I (open) the door and (see) a police officer standing there.
He (ask) for the plumber.
As it (turn) out, it (be) our plumber’s car that (roll) down the street.
In his haste, the plumber (forget) to put the handbrake on.

24/09/2017

Teacher: Tabit Youssef
Simple past tense
Definition of the simple past tense

The simple past tense, sometimes called the preterite, is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now. The simple past is the basic form of past tense in English. The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past and action duration is not important.
Examples

John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
My father died last year.
He lived in Fiji in 1976.
We crossed the Channel yesterday.

You always use the simple past when you say when something happened, so it is associated with certain past time expressions

frequency: often, sometimes, always
I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school.
a definite point in time: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night
an indefinite point in time: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in caves a long time ago.
She played the piano when she was a child.

Note: the word ago is a useful way of expressing the distance into the past. It is placed after the period of time: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.

24/09/2017

gerund or infinitive
Using Gerunds or infinitives

One of the difficulties of the English language is to know whether to use a gerund (ex : doing) or an infinitive (ex : to do).

Generally speaking we can use the following rules:

Examples Rules Explanations
Verb + gerund 1. I enjoy playing
2. I denied stealing Often we use the gerund for an action that happens before or at the same time as the action of the main verb. 1. I enjoy myself at the time of playing.
2. I deny having stolen anything before.
Verb + infinitive 1. I decided to visit my uncle
2. I want to go out Often we use the infinitive for actions that follow the action of the main verb. 1. Visiting my uncle was an action of my decision. It comes after.
2. What I want (now) is to go out (after/later)

These rules are helpful but DO NOT always explain all uses of gerunds and infinitives.

Verbs commonly followed by a gerund

1- After verbs that express likes/dislikes :

like
love
enjoy
dislike
hate

Example:

" I like playing soccer but I hate boxing."

Note "like/love/hate..." can be also followed by an infinitive:

Example:

I like to watch TV in the evening.

2- After verbs such as :
Verbs Examples
admit He admitted stealing the wallet.
advise I wouldn't advise buying a used car.
allow They don't allow smoking here. (Note that when an object is introduced an infinitive is used instead of a gerund: they allowed us to leave early.)
anticipate He anticipated passing the exam.
avoid She avoided meeting him.
appreciate I appreciate working with you.
complete They completed building their house.
consider She considered starting a new business.
delay She delayed doing her homework.
deny He denied stealing the money.
fancy Fancy meeting you here!
finish She finished writing the letter.
go go swimming.
imagine He imagines meeting her.
involve the job involves working in teams.
keep He keeps complaining about his girlfriend.
mention He mentioned working in that company.
mind Would you mind helping me?
miss He misses talking to her.
permit The don't permit smoking here. (Note that, like allow, when an object is introduced an infinitive is used instead of a gerund: they permitted us to leave early.)
postpone They postponed traveling to Japan.
practice She practiced painting.
reject He rejected working with them.
resist He couldn't resist eating the cake.
risk She risks losing her job.
suggest I suggest leaving early.
waste time/money

Don't waste my time complaining.
3- After prepositions

aim at
keep on
interested in
instead of
good at
before ...
after ...

Example:

"I am interested in collecting stamps."
"After playing football I drank an orange juice".

4- After some expressions :

It's no use ...
It's no good ...
There's no point in ...
I can't help...
I don't mind...
I can't stand/bear...

" It's no use convincing him to meet her. "

Verbs that can be followed by an infinitive

1- After verbs that generally refer to a future event:
Verbs Examples
afford We can't afford to buy a new car.
agree She agreed to help him.
aim The government aims to reduce illiteracy rates
arrange He arranged to stay at a hotel.
attempt He attempted to join them.
choose He chose to stay at home.
consent She consented to marry him.
decide They decided to go to the movies.
deserve He deserves to be punished.
demand He demanded to speak to Mrs. Lynch
endeavor They endeavor to provide the best possible service
expect They expected to arrive early.
fail He failed to convince him.
happen They happened to be at the theatre when we met them.
help She helped me to do the exercise. (Note, help is also followed by a bare infinitive: She helped me do the exercise.)
hope I hope to join you as soon as possible.
intend She intends to write an autobiography.
learn He learned to play the guitar when he was young.
manage He managed to do his homework without his mother's help.
need I need to find a job.
offer He offers to help us.
plan He plans to follow a career as an engineer.
pretend The child pretended to be asleep.
proceed He proceeded to show us how to use the machine.
promise She promised to come on time.
refuse She refused to forgive him.
seem He seemed to be unhappy.
swear I swear to tell the truth.
threaten He threatened to reveal her secret.
volunteer He always volunteers to help the needy.
want I want to finish my work early.
would hate He would hate to lose.
would like He would like to drink a cup of tea.
would love I would love to meet you.
2- After adjectives

be determined
be disappointed
be glad
be happy
be pleased

Examples:

"I'm glad to know that you passed the exam."
"I'm pleased to meet you."
"I'm disappointed to hear that you flunked maths."

3- After "too" & "enough":

too difficult
easy enough

Example:

"It's too difficult to convince him to be helpful."
" But it's easy enough to fool him to get what you want."

Verbs that can be followed by both an infinitive and a gerund:

Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive. Here are some examples:

start
begin
stop
remember...

24/09/2017

Teacher : Tabit Youssef

gerund or infinitive

Using Gerunds or infinitives

One of the difficulties of the English language is to know whether to use a gerund (ex : doing) or an infinitive (ex : to do).

Generally speaking we can use the following rules:

Examples Rules Explanations
Verb + gerund 1. I enjoy playing
2. I denied stealing Often we use the gerund for an action that happens before or at the same time as the action of the main verb. 1. I enjoy myself at the time of playing.
2. I deny having stolen anything before.
Verb + infinitive 1. I decided to visit my uncle
2. I want to go out Often we use the infinitive for actions that follow the action of the main verb. 1. Visiting my uncle was an action of my decision. It comes after.
2. What I want (now) is to go out (after/later)

These rules are helpful but DO NOT always explain all uses of gerunds and infinitives.

Verbs commonly followed by a gerund

1- After verbs that express likes/dislikes :

like
love
enjoy
dislike
hate

Example:

" I like playing soccer but I hate boxing."

Note "like/love/hate..." can be also followed by an infinitive:

Example:

I like to watch TV in the evening.

2- After verbs such as :
Verbs Examples
admit He admitted stealing the wallet.
advise I wouldn't advise buying a used car.
allow They don't allow smoking here. (Note that when an object is introduced an infinitive is used instead of a gerund: they allowed us to leave early.)
anticipate He anticipated passing the exam.
avoid She avoided meeting him.
appreciate I appreciate working with you.
complete They completed building their house.
consider She considered starting a new business.
delay She delayed doing her homework.
deny He denied stealing the money.
fancy Fancy meeting you here!
finish She finished writing the letter.
go go swimming.
imagine He imagines meeting her.
involve the job involves working in teams.
keep He keeps complaining about his girlfriend.
mention He mentioned working in that company.
mind Would you mind helping me?
miss He misses talking to her.
permit The don't permit smoking here. (Note that, like allow, when an object is introduced an infinitive is used instead of a gerund: they permitted us to leave early.)
postpone They postponed traveling to Japan.
practice She practiced painting.
reject He rejected working with them.
resist He couldn't resist eating the cake.
risk She risks losing her job.
suggest I suggest leaving early.
waste time/money

Don't waste my time complaining.
3- After prepositions

aim at
keep on
interested in
instead of
good at
before ...
after ...

Example:

"I am interested in collecting stamps."
"After playing football I drank an orange juice".

4- After some expressions :

It's no use ...
It's no good ...
There's no point in ...
I can't help...
I don't mind...
I can't stand/bear...

" It's no use convincing him to meet her. "

Verbs that can be followed by an infinitive

1- After verbs that generally refer to a future event:
Verbs Examples
afford We can't afford to buy a new car.
agree She agreed to help him.
aim The government aims to reduce illiteracy rates
arrange He arranged to stay at a hotel.
attempt He attempted to join them.
choose He chose to stay at home.
consent She consented to marry him.
decide They decided to go to the movies.
deserve He deserves to be punished.
demand He demanded to speak to Mrs. Lynch
endeavor They endeavor to provide the best possible service
expect They expected to arrive early.
fail He failed to convince him.
happen They happened to be at the theatre when we met them.
help She helped me to do the exercise. (Note, help is also followed by a bare infinitive: She helped me do the exercise.)
hope I hope to join you as soon as possible.
intend She intends to write an autobiography.
learn He learned to play the guitar when he was young.
manage He managed to do his homework without his mother's help.
need I need to find a job.
offer He offers to help us.
plan He plans to follow a career as an engineer.
pretend The child pretended to be asleep.
proceed He proceeded to show us how to use the machine.
promise She promised to come on time.
refuse She refused to forgive him.
seem He seemed to be unhappy.
swear I swear to tell the truth.
threaten He threatened to reveal her secret.
volunteer He always volunteers to help the needy.
want I want to finish my work early.
would hate He would hate to lose.
would like He would like to drink a cup of tea.
would love I would love to meet you.
2- After adjectives

be determined
be disappointed
be glad
be happy
be pleased

Examples:

"I'm glad to know that you passed the exam."
"I'm pleased to meet you."
"I'm disappointed to hear that you flunked maths."

3- After "too" & "enough":

too difficult
easy enough

Example:

"It's too difficult to convince him to be helpful."
" But it's easy enough to fool him to get what you want."

Verbs that can be followed by both an infinitive and a gerund:

Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive. Here are some examples:

start
begin
stop
remember...

24/09/2017

_______________________________________________________________
Teacher :T.Youssef
Class : Human Sciences ¾
Unit : 1 Formal,informal,and non formal education
1-Defining ‘Education’
‘Education is the process of acquiring general knowledge,information,lessons and values.It develops the power of thinking and building a strong personality.It prepares students to be active in society and get a job. Plus ,education is a window to see the world.’
A-ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.
a-In your opinion,is education important in our life ?Why ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b-Explain :Education is a window to see the world.
…………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
c-Explain the following terms
literacy-illiteracy- system-formal education-informal education-non-formal education-school uniform-school subject-dropping out of school-cultural background-equal opportunity-university graduate

Communication Making and Responding to Requests
A: Could I trouble/bother you to lend me $200?
B: (positive) Of course,

A: Could you please take me to the airport tomorrow morning?
B: (positive) Certainly.
B: (negative) I wish I could, but I've got an appointment at 8:30.
A: Will you help me fix this error, please?
B: (negative) I'm afraid I can't. I don't know anything about computers.
A: Would you mind letting me borrow your book?
B: (positive) No, not at all.
A: I'd like you to pick up some oil on the way home, if you have time.
B: (positive) No problem.

Activity 1 :COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE FROM THE DIALOGUE.
Making request Responding to request
……………………………
…………………………..
…………………………..
………………………….
…………………………. …………………………………….
……………………………………
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
……………………………………

What would you say in the following situations:
a) You want your friend to type a letter for you.
You: (make a request)…………………............…..
Your friend :( responds to your request)…………
b) You want some one to show you the way to the market.
you: (make a request)..........................................
c) You want you classmate to check the report you have written.
You: (make a request)………………………..

Teacher :T.Youssef
Unit : 1 Formal,Informal,and non formal education
_______________________________________________________________

Dropping out of school a big problem faced by many teenagers today.Most of them are from poor families , and their parents can’t help them with school necessities and usually, parents are jobless, so their children find themselves obliged to leave school in order to find a job and to earn some money to support their family.Furthermore, many students leave school because they don’t find that they are motivated and cannot get good grades. They may find school a waste of time. They think that an education is not a guarantee to a good future, because there are so many graduates looking for work and unable to find any. Another reason for a person to drop out of school would be family problems . If a person’s relative becomes sick and there is no other person to take care of them then one may drop out of school in order to take care of that relative.For all of these reasons, and more students who do drop out face a lot of problems . If they don’t have a skill , many of them will turn to drugs , or alcohol, and maybe crime…trying to revenge or escape society
In the end , many parents ignore the importance of education, besides, they must be a source of motivation and support for their children.
COMPREHENSION
ARE THESE SENTENCES TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY(4 POINTS)
1. Students leave school because they are rich.
2. Parents know the importance of education.
B. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS (2 POINTS)
1. How does the writer describe dropping out of school?
2. Why do students leave school?
3-Suggest solutions to stop dropping out of school.
C.WHAT DO THE UNDERLINED WORDS IN THE TEXT REFER TO? (1 POINT)
1. Them (paragraph 1)
2. They (paragraph 1)
D. FIND IN THE TEXT WORDS OR EXPRESSIONS THAT MEAN THE SAME AS (1 POINT)

1. Forced (paragraph 1)
2. Help (paragraph 1)

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