14/08/2021
Concept of an Ideal State:
Aristotle always strived to attain an ideal state. According to him, in every state there are three classes, viz., the very rich, the very poor and the middle class (the mean). Those who are rich excel in strength, beauty; birth or wealth and they grow arrogant, violent and criminal.
The poor, on the other hand, are ugly, weak and often become victims of jealousies, intriguing, rogues and petty rascals. While the former do not obey laws, the latter tend to break the laws. The government, therefore, by the former would be despotic and that formed by the latter would be despicable. In either situation, the state remains divided by conflicts, bitterness, jealousies and frictions.
The state can never be one as there is an eternal war with each other. So, Aristotle suggested that the best way is to follow the law of the golden mean. In other words, governments must be run by middle class citizens who favour neither class. They neither covet not plot but only command acceptance for their power is transformed into authority.
Therefore, Aristotle suggested that the legislators must always ensure the association of the middle class with the government. If it is numerically stronger than the other two classes, then it is definitely a source of stability. Aristotle opined that the continuous rule by either the rich or the poor is worst calamity, that can ever happen to a state and for this reason; he supported the rule of middle class, as the best ruleβit is the golden mean.
Aristotle believed that middle class rule ensures not only stability but also liberty and equality. Liberty is not necessarily doing what one likes to do, but it is also to live by the rule of the constitution. Liberty also refers to the ability to rule as well as be ruled. This is justice. Thus, liberty, according to Aristotle, is based on justice, which is distributive, and rests on the basis of proportionate equality.