06/02/2026
What does it take to be known for dominating distance running?
In a new essay for Aeon, faculty member Geoff Burns and anthropologist Michael Crawley examine the philosophies behind Ethiopia’s extraordinary dominance in marathon running and what Western sports science may still have to learn from it.
Drawing from years of ethnographic fieldwork and elite sport science experience, the essay explores how Ethiopian runners approach training not as an individual pursuit driven by data and optimization, but as a collective effort rooted in trust, shared responsibility, and an intuitive understanding of energy.
While contrasted with modern endurance training, the highly quantified "Norwegian Method," which relies on heart-rate monitoring, blood lactate testing, and individualized precision, Ethiopian athletes often prioritize group dynamics, environmental feel, and the social exchange of effort. Rather than viewing performance as a purely engineered process, the essay argues that endurance expertise can also emerge through embodied knowledge, attunement to environment and, and lived experience.
The piece asks broader questions about how societies value different kinds of expertise, what may be lost through constant self-quantification, and why human connection remains central to performance.
Photo by Michael Crawley.