06/01/2026
During the night of June 1st, 1863, three federal gunboats, guided by Harriet Tubman, steamed upriver from Beaufort on a mission to free the enslaved people held on the rice plantations along the Combahee River. The raid, carried out by one of the earliest all-Black regiments, the U.S. 2nd Second South Carolina Volunteers, resulted in the liberation of more than 700 people.
When writing her book on the raid, Dr. Edda Fields-Black did a lot of research in our collections. Just one example of an item in our collection that contextualizes the raid, which can be found in her book, is from the Papers of the Kirkland, Withers, Snowden, and Trotter Families, 1790–1959.
"William Lennox Kirkland Jr. kept a list of the enslaved people who escaped enslavement on Rose Hill Plantation during the Civil War. On two sides of one sheet of paper, Kirkland recorded the names of enslaved people who liberated themselves in March 1862 and on June 2, 1863. The June 1863 list was likely written shortly after the Combahee River Raid, when the painful details were fresh in his mind." - Dr. Edda Fields-Black, COMBEE: Harriet Tubman, the Combahee River Raid, and Black Freedom during the Civil War