04/17/2024
On this day in 1790, Benjamin Franklin passes away. â[P]erhaps no person in American history has taken on such emblematic and imaginative significance for Americans as has Franklin,â historian Gordon S. Wood once observed.
You may know Franklin the diplomat, Franklin the inventor, and Franklin the intellectual, but do you know about this American iconâs humble beginnings?
Franklin called his own childhood the âpoverty and obscurity in which I was born and bred,â noting that he was the âyoungest Son of the youngest son for 5 Generations back.â At least one of his biographers found that statement a bit melodramatic, but Franklinâs childhood was certainly a modest one.
Benjaminâs father Josiah initially thought his youngest son could serve the church. That thought didnât last long, given the expense of a college education. Or did Josiah mostly find Benjamin too irreverent to be a minister? Either way, by the time he was 10, Benjaminâs schooling was over.
He helped with his dadâs business instead.
Josiah was a candle and soap maker, which Benjamin found extremely boring. He wanted to leave. â[I] had a strong inclination for the sea,â he remembered, âbut my father declared against it.â
Things took a turn for the better about the time Benjamin turned 12. His older brothers had been apprenticed to different trades, and Josiah decided that Benjamin should do the same. He still worried that Benjamin would go to sea if he didnât find something to interest the boy.
Thus, Benjamin found himself indentured to his brother James, a printer. The young boy made the most of it. His new position gave him access to books, and he read voraciously. He took notes and, by study and sheer force of will, turned himself into a good writer. It was a valuable skill in that day and age, as so many could not afford a good education.
Things changed again in 1721 when James decided that he didnât want to print other peopleâs papersâhe wanted to publish his own! His new paper, the New England Courant, would differentiate itself from its competition.
âThe [Boston] Gazette boasted that it was published âby authority,ââ historian H. W. Brands explains, âit read as though it were published by the authorities. James Franklin thought Boston deserved better . . . . [The Courant] would be lively, opinionated, and not averse to challenging the establishment.â
Franklin was 16 by then, and he wanted to contribute, too.
â[S]uspecting that my brother would object to printing anything of mine in his paper if he knew it to be mine,â Franklin later explained, âI contrived to disguise my hand, and writing an anonymous paper, I put it in at night under the door of the printing-house.â
Heâd used an alias, Mrs. Silence Dogood. The first essay, Franklin biographer Nick Bunker writes, âcarried a sharp edge of satire aimed at the pious heart of Boston.â The editorial staff liked it and published it, little knowing that the 16-year-old among them was the author.
Franklin would ultimately write fifteen of these essays. âHad they come from the pen of a mature writer,â Brands concludes, âthe Dogood letters would deserve to be considered a delightful example of social satire. Coming as they did from the pen of a mere youth, they reveal emerging genius.â
Matters soon took a surprising turn when James landed in legal trouble for something heâd published. Franklin ended up in charge of his brotherâs paper for a timeâor, at least, he was until the two had a falling out and he ran away.
At that point, Franklin was effectively a fugitive because heâd run away before his apprenticeship was finished.
That is a story for another day.
-Tara Ross
Franklin was initiated into Masonry in 1731; probably at the February meeting of St. Johnâs Lodge in Philadelphia. The esteem in which he was held is evidenced by the fact that he was elected Grand Master just a few short years later in 1735.