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True History of the 6-PounderHere's a great swashbuckling tale of "true history" from the pen of one of Jean Lafitte's o...
09/10/2026

True History of the 6-Pounder

Here's a great swashbuckling tale of "true history" from the pen of one of Jean Lafitte's own men in the Galveston Daily News, Dec 31 1874. I can't vouch for the veracity of any of this but it's a ripping good yarn.

Calcasieu, La., Dec. 28, 1874.

Eds. News—In your issue of the 25th of December appears an account of an old cannon brought up from the bottom of the Bay by the scoop of the dredge boat. In the same paper you give several conjectural histories of the piece of ordnance, none of which, as I happen to know, have any degree of truth, except that the cannon in question once formed part of the armament of the fleet of Lafitte—the brave and good Lafitte. From the cut and description given of it in your paper I recognize it as an old acquaintance.

And, sirs, it has a history, and a most eventful, but brief one, and could it but speak would tell its own tale in language far more eloquent than I can. I am an old man now— “in the sere and yellow leaf.” I was many, many years ago a member of the company of the brave Lafitte. I am old now, close on to ninety years, and though somewhat weak of limb and dim of sight, yet have remembrance of persons and events of long ago remarkably vivid. An old man lives in the past entirely; he is fond of talking of the brave days of his youth, of the brave men who lived then, of their deeds of daring, of their generosity, and of himself. I may, sirs, grow tedious and prosy, but permit me to tell my story in my own way—the story of the cannon—for, sirs, it has a story, and one of great interest.

You will remember that a short time before the great battle of New Orleans, the great and brave General Andrew Jackson induced our captain, the brave Lafitte, to help him fight the British. I well remember the day, when a small vessel—a schooner—appeared off the bar of what is now called Galveston Island. She displayed the American flag, fired a gun and then lowering her national flag, ran a white flag to her peak. That meant a parley. Lafitte scanned the newcomer closely with his glass for some time, and then ordering his four-oared gig, pulled to the schooner. I was then young and l***y, and accounted the best strokes in our navy, and was one of the gig’s crew. Lafitte boarded the schooner, and he and a young American officer, whose name I afterwards learned was Donnelson—Lieut. Donnelson, of Gen. Jackson’s staff—descended into the cabin. There they remained an hour or more, and then they came out. As Lafitte stepped over the schooner’s side to get into his gig, he said to Donnelson, “Tell General Jackson I will be with him. He may rely on me for at least eighty skilled artilleryists.”

The name of the schooner was the “John Hancock,” and a neat clipper she was. We pulled back to the fort, Lafitte saying not a word, but pulling in his quick, nervous way; his moustache proved to us he was planning some desperate work. That night the schooner weighed anchor and left. The next morning there was a grand council held at the Fort. All this occurred a long, long time ago—nearly sixty years ago! Mon Dieu, how time does fly! It seems but yesterday. Well, sirs, I don’t want to be tedious, but an old man is naturally garrulous. He has so much to live over in thought. So, sirs, bear with me patiently.

I don’t know what happened in the council, but two days after, three of our best vessels, with the flower of our filibusters, sailed for New Orleans, under the command of the brave Lafitte himself, Chauvet, his right bower, being with him. After four days’ sail we entered the Mississippi river, and soon anchored off New Orleans, a little below the city. I was then a gunner on board the ten-gun brig Vengeance, commanded by Chauvet, a brave but cruel man. When the British forces, under Pakenham, approached the city in January, 1815, we ran up and anchored above the city. All was bustle and preparation. We took out most of our cannon and placed them in position in the works Gen. Jackson had hastily thrown up at Chalmette, and one hundred and twenty picked artillerists, gunners, with all our officers, headed by the brave Lafitte in person, manned them.

On the 8th day of January the British opened a terrific fire on us with their field pieces, but as we were safe behind our earthworks and cotton bales, we let them waste their powder. Lafitte—our brave Lafitte! ah, how grand he looked! how his black eyes flashed! Oh, he was the genius of the fight! How his French blood boiled at the sight of a red coat! Les Anglais perfides! Jackson, tall and gaunt, was moving among his men, occasionally observing the British line with his glass, and turning anon to encourage his Tennesseans and Kentuckians. How impatient those riflemen appeared! But Jackson’s orders were, “Reserve your fire, men, for close quarters!”

Pretty soon the cannonading ceased, and then we could see the long and solid line of British advancing, first at a slow, steady pace, then at a double-quick. When they were in three hundred yards of our works, Lafitte, springing upon a gun-carriage, thundered out “FIRE!” Sacre bleu! What a sheet of flame leaps forth from our guns! How the front ranks of the foe seemed to melt away! Then Jackson, with a clear, ringing voice that could be heard above the roar of battle, cried out: “Make every shot tell. Fire low, my boys!” Crack! crack! went the unerring rifles. Our guns roared. Grape, canister and round shot went crashing through the advancing ranks. The foe reeled under the fire. For an instant they faltered—for an instant only—then, with closed ranks, they again advanced under a most withering and deadly fire. A general officer leads them. He mounts the parapet, waving his sword and cheering on his men. Lafitte springs toward him, pistol in hand. A flash—Pakenham falls shot through the heart.

The British can no longer stand up under our deadly fire; they waver, and then retreat, in great confusion and disorder, to the shelter of their war vessels. Lafitte was for charging them, but Jackson, cool and collected, said no. Our forces were too small, and bayonets were scarce, so we remained behind our breastworks and poured volleys of grape into them until they were out of range. Mon Dieu! how my old blood is stirred at these remembrances.
Well, but about the gun! Patience, messieurs, I am coming to the gun. Well, sir, after the British fleet had sailed down the river, we went over the battle-field, picking up the plunder.

Among many other things left in their hasty departure the British left a six-pounder, a field piece, stuck in the mire, with one wheel shattered. It was a beauty; almost new. The date of its casting was on it—1813. After remaining in New Orleans a few days, we prepared for our departure. Among other things given Lafitte by General Jackson was this six-pounder (the identical cannon described in your paper of 25th December), to replace one of ours that had burst in the battle. It was placed on our brig, the Vengeance, and ever after formed part of her armament.

When we returned to Galveston, Lafitte called us all together—men and officers—and told us that he was determined to give up following the seas, and would leave us; that if we desired, we could choose a new leader. We were very sorry to hear this, for we all loved our intrepid and generous Lafitte, and endeavored to shake his resolution. But he was firm, and so we went into an election, and Chauvet, Lafitte’s first lieutenant, was chosen our leader. Shortly after, Lafitte bade us adieu, and, taking one ship—the Chiquita—sailed for South America. I remained behind, on the Island, with Chauvet. Chauvet was not the leader Lafitte was. He lacked dash and enterprise; he was cross, cruel, harsh, avaricious and overbearing. We feared him, but did not love him as we did Lafitte.

Well, one day Chauvet took command of the Vengeance, the fastest vessel and best armed of our navy, and sailed into the Gulf for a cruise. We stopped at one of the Florida Keys, and while there Chauvet received some dispatches, the contents of which seemed to give him intense pleasure. He immediately weighed anchor, and ran into the Atlantic, heading for Hatteras. After we got off Hatteras, a man was kept day and night aloft, on the look-out with strict orders to report every sail he saw.

One day, I think it was sometime in the month of March or April, 1815, the man aloft reported a strange sail on our larboard. Chauvet seized his glass, and, after viewing the stranger for some time, ordered the men piped to quarters, and the decks cleared for action. I was then the gunner of the same identical six-pounder captured at New Orleans. Ah! but she was a beauty. I never missed with her.

We kept the stranger in sight until dark, and then, under press of sail, began to crawl upon her. She was a fast sailer, but, mon Dieu! she was a tortoise compared to the Vengeance. About daybreak next day we were close enough to make her out distinctly. She was a pilot boat built schooner, and was armed; two guns amidships and a swivel forward. We ran about two hundred cables length distant from her, and Chauvet, mounting the railing, hailed her. She replied that she was the American privateer schooner Patriot, bound from Georgetown, South Carolina to New York, and ran up the Stars and Stripes. Chauvet, instead of displaying the Venezuelan flag, under which we usually sailed, flung to the breeze the terrible Black Flag, and fired a broadside into her.

Mon Dieu! the Yankees were no cowards, and they replied with their starboard gun and their swivel. And well aimed they were, too, for we had four men killed and some six wounded by the discharge, besides having our rigging badly cut up. After a sharp but brief conflict we carried her by boarding, and every soul was either put to the sword, or made food for sharks in our own peculiar way. Ah! but didn’t my pet, my beauty—my little six pounder, do good work! Never a shot missed. She behaved splendidly. And didn’t I pet her and kiss her when the fight was over and the prize secured! A prize indeed the Patriot proved. She had been cruising for some months, depredating upon British commerce, and was returning to New York to divide the plunder.

After we had disposed of the dead and living privateersmen, Chauvet descended into the cabin, and pretty soon he called out in an angry tone for myself and my mate to go to him. We descended and found him in the cabin confronted by a beautiful woman who held an empty bottle in her hand, with which she had struck Chauvet, who had attempted, it seems, to make too free with her. He ordered us to tie her hand and foot and convey her on board the Vengeance and place her in his cabin. We obeyed him. But she fought us, and did all she could to jump overboard.

After gutting the captured vessel and transferring the valuables to the Vengeance, we fired her and then headed for Galveston Island.
Just after we entered the Gulf, and while flying the Venezuelan flag, we had a terrible fight with a Spanish cruiser, and being badly hulled and cut up, and after losing one-third of our crew, (ah! the brave fellows—how gallantly they fought!) we took advantage of a foggy night to draw off, and under full press of canvas made for the Island. Upon our arrival we found the Vengeance so badly damaged that it became necessary to remove from her her armament and all valuables, and sent her to our navy yard for repairs.

We had gotten everything off but three or four guns, my little six-pounder among the number, when one night, through some infernal carelessness of the watchman, the Vengeance caught fire and burned to the water’s edge, and in a few hours after sank in the channel between our town, on the east end of Galveston Island, and our navy yard, which was about half mile to the West.

Ah, how my heart bled to lose my pet—my little six-pounder. I grieved over its loss even as I grieved over the death of one of my comrades. O, little beauty, I little hoped ever to hear of you again. Yes, sirs, that cannon described in your paper, is my lost pet. I know her! Have I not handled her? Don’t I know every mark on her? The marks you describe near the cross were made by a cursed Spanish shot in our engagement in the Gulf. If I were not so old and so feeble, I would travel to Galveston to see once more my little pet.

The woman captured on the privateer died a few days after our arrival in Galveston. She was a very handsome woman, and I afterwards learned was the daughter of a distinguished American. Her clothing—which was of the finest material—was marked “T. A.” and she had a golden locket containing the portrait of a beautiful boy. On the locket were the words: “To my wife, Theodosia.” She was buried on the Island, a few hundred yards to the east of the old fort on the point. It was whispered among the men that Chauvet had killed her, because she would not yield to his wishes.

I hope, sirs, you will excuse the prosy talk of an old man. I am nearing my end—have much to repent of. But when I saw the description in your paper of my lost pet, I felt compelled to write you the truth about her. My old comrades, who may be living—and some were living in Texas a year ago—can bear witness to the truth of what I have written. I am nearing the grave. A few weeks, nay, days, and I may be gone. There are but few of my old comrades living. Those that are will remember me when they read the name I bore in the brave days of Lafitte. They will remember the best gunner Lafitte and Chauvet ever had—the best oarsman, and the one whom they nicknamed “L’Ecolier.”

If you publish this in your paper, please correct the English and put some polish to my rough sentences, for I have some pride yet in maintaining the reputation for scholarship I enjoyed among the brave filibusters of our loved Lafitte.

Adieu, messieurs.
Jean Baptiste Callistre.

Here is the amazing life story of an extraordinary Texas Ranger: José Policarpio “Polly” Rodriguez! There definitely nee...
09/09/2026

Here is the amazing life story of an extraordinary Texas Ranger: José Policarpio “Polly” Rodriguez! There definitely needs to be a movie about this guy!

From the Handbook of Texas Online:

José Policarpio “Polly” Rodriguez, frontiersman, U. S. Army scout and guide, rancher, county official, and minister, was born on January 26, 1829, in Zaragoza, Coahuila, Mexico, located approximately thirty-five miles west of present-day Eagle Pass, Texas, to José Antonio Rodriguez and Encarnacion Sánchez. His paternal great-grandfather was a founder of Villa San Fernando de Austria, Provincia de Coahuila, and his maternal great-grandfather was Tomás Sánchez, founder of Laredo, Texas. Rodriguez, known as “Polly,” acquired a rudimentary education during his boyhood by attending Franciscan schools in Coahuila—eight months at a school in Nadadores and six months in Cuatro Ciénegas.

Due to years of continued Indian raids and loss of property, Rodriguez’s father decided to move farther north to San Antonio and by 1841 had purchased from Ignacio Perez a town lot on the banks of San Pedro Creek in San Antonio and moved his family there. By 1850 José Antonio Rodriguez purchased a 250-acre ranch from Luciano Navarro on the Medina River fifteen miles south of San Antonio. This ranching valley, known as La Medina, was home to Ignacio Perez, Blas Herrera, Domingo Losoya, Francisco Rodriguez, Francisco Ruiz, and other notable Tejanos.

About 1842 Polly Rodriguez’s father apprenticed him to become a gunsmith under James Goodman. Polly’s apprenticeship ended in 1845, and he became acknowledged as a gunsmith. During this period, surveyors began to seek him out for his frontiersmanship and marksmanship. By 1848 Polly Rodriguez had worked with surveyors: John James, Richard Howard, Charles Montague, and Joseph Tivy. Howard gave Rodriguez the final practical experience to become a trained surveyor.

In 1849 Howard and Rodriguez were hired by Lt. William H. C. Whiting to help guide, survey, and explore for the Whiting and Smith expedition, a government-contracted venture charged with establishing a westward road from San Antonio to El Paso. The expedition left Fredericksburg on February 21 of that year, reached Presidio del Norte on March 25, proceeded north along the Rio Grande, and finally reached El Paso on April 11.

Since the last leg of the journey was marked by exceedingly difficult traveling conditions and Indian attacks, the Whiting party chose a more direct route back to San Antonio and arrived there on May 25. This latter route, laid out with the invaluable help of Rodríguez, became the principal westward road to El Paso.

In Whiting’s diary, he described Polly as “one of the most valuable members of my party” and praised his surveying and excellent frontiersmanship. The expedition established Rodríguez's reputation as a reliable scout. Following this exploration, Col. Joseph E. Johnston was selected to finalize and construct the road. In turn, Johnston hired Rodriguez to be one of the lead scouts and guide for this mission.

In 1851 Gen. Persifor F. Smith appointed Rodriguez head guide, scout, and interpreter for the U. S. Army in Texas. At this time Rodriguez was only twenty-two years old, however he was prized as being one of a few frontiersmen with the most knowledge of Texas and Mexico. He was an able communicator with various American Indian groups and possessed the skills to determine their movements and warfare. He could also determine suitable land for fort construction and understood the value of military command and mission.

Smith was commissioned was to build a second line of defense—construction of new forts along a line from Eagle Pass to Fort Worth. This project lasted five years and became one of the nation’s largest military construction efforts and greatly benefited the state’s economy. Rodriguez’s role was to provide reconnaissance on tribal locations and movements and to submit potential fort locations with ample water, adequate pasture foraging, and native building materials. By 1855 General Smith had completed his mission and was ordered to California to continue his role in nation-building. He requested that Rodriguez join him, but he declined because his family and his home were in Texas.

In late 1855 the newly-created Second U. S. Calvary led by Col. Albert S. Johnston and Lt. Col. Robert E. Lee, crossed the Red River into Texas and deployed to all the recently built forts to quell American Indian conflict on the Texas frontier. Rodriguez’s role changed from peacetime scout to combat guide, and he was posted to Fort Merrill at Conquista Crossing. In 1856 he was mustered into Company C under Capt. Innis Palmer at Camp Verde in Kerr County. Rodriguez’s service often brought him into frequent contact with hostile Apaches and Comanches in the Texas Hill Country and the West Texas plains.

Shortly after arriving at Camp Verde, his first sortie was to recover the escaped U. S. Army camels, which he located in the Privilege Creek valley in Bandera County. This discovery led to his purchase of 360 acres along the creek from John James, and he established his home and ranch.

During this period, Camp Verde units engaged in many combat missions. In 1858 Rodriguez led a pursuit action that engaged Lipan Apaches along the San Geronimo River in Bandera County. He was later singled out for his valor in combat in a presidential citation that was awarded to the unit. Rodriguez was noted for his skill in the use of fi****ms, for his superb horsemanship, and for his knowledge of American Indians and his tracking abilities.

He remained stationed at Camp Verde until the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861. That same year, upon the departure of the U.S. Army, he declined both Union and Confederate captain’s commissions and instead mustered in the newly-created “Home Guards.”. His service included membership in the Third Frontier District, Texas State Troops, under Capt. Bladen Mitchell (1864).

During the war, ranging units patrolled a designated frontier district to provide protection against hostile tribes and bandits. Many times, other Ranger captains sought out Rodriguez to lead punitive actions. They were not paid for services at this time but did receive donation grants after the war for services rendered. After the war the U. S. Army offered to hire Rodriguez as a guide again, but he declined.

During Reconstruction Rodrguez served Bandera County in a number of capacities. He was appointed a road commissioner, a cattle and hide inspector, elected twice as county commissioner, and finally became a justice of the peace. He also served a stint with Lt. Robert Ballantyne in the Texas Rangers from 1872 to 1873. During this period he continued his ranching interests by accumulating an almost 4,000-acre ranch filled with longhorns and horses.

He sold land in the Privilege Creek region to new Tejano pioneers—a total of more than thirty ranching families. Most of the new pioneers came from San Antonino and south along the Medina River valley. The Tejano practice of compradozgo (“God parentage”) helped strengthen family unity, economics, and religion. Thus he founded the J. P. Rodriguez Settlement.

In 1888 designation of a U. S. post office in the village changed the name of the settlement officially to Polly, Texas. Around this time the town included a fort, general store, school, chapel, and a cemetery along with more than 300 residents. Rodriguez donated land and funds to create and construct the chapel, cemetery, and, schoolhouse.

In 1877 Rodriguez experienced a religious awakening and converted from Catholicism to Methodism and became a licensed minister and circuit rider. By 1882 he completed building a hand-hewed limestone chapel known as Polly’s Chapel on his ranch. In 1888 he was ordained a minister in the Methodist Church. The Reverend Polly Rodriguez served throughout Texas and Northern Mexico until 1914.

He was married twice, first to Nicolasa Arocha on November 20, 1852, with whom he had four children. On September 27, 1903, he married Anastacia Salinas, who bore him at least four children (some genealogy records indicate six).

He was a Mason.

José Policarpio Rodriguez died at the age of eighty-five on March 22, 1914, in Poteet, Texas. His last wish was to be buried on his ranch, and that was honored a day after his death, when he was buried in Polly’s Cemetery.

Today is the grim 126th anniversary of the Galveston Hurricane, which is still considered the deadliest natural disaster...
09/08/2026

Today is the grim 126th anniversary of the Galveston Hurricane, which is still considered the deadliest natural disaster in US history. Anywhere between 8,000 and 12,000 people died in this horrific tragedy. More on it from the Handbook of Texas Online...

"In Galveston on the rain-darkened and gusty morning of Saturday, September 8, 1900, newspaper readers saw, on page three of the local Daily News, an early-morning account of a tropical hurricane prowling the Gulf of Mexico.

On the previous day Galveston had been placed under a storm warning by the central office of the Weather Bureau (now the National Weather Service) in Washington, D.C. A one-column headline announced, "Storm in the Gulf." Under that, a small subhead proclaimed, "Great Damage Reported on Mississippi and Louisiana Coasts-Wires Down-Details Meagre."

The story, only one paragraph long, had been sent out of New Orleans at 12:45 A.M. that same day, but it added nothing to the information presented in the headlines. Additional details were unavailable "owing to the prostration of the wires." Beneath the New Orleans report appeared a brief local story: "At midnight the moon was shining brightly and the sky was not as threatening as earlier in the night. The weather bureau had no late advice as to the storm's movements and it may be that the tropical disturbance has changed its course or spent its force before reaching Texas."

This hurricane had been first observed on August 30 in the vicinity of 15° north latitude and 63° west longitude, about 125 miles northwest of Martinique, proceeding westward. Galvestonians had been aware of the storm since September 4, when it was reported moving northward over Cuba. From the first, however, details had been sketchy because of poor communications. Ships at sea, where oncoming hurricanes built strength, had no way of telegraphing weather observations ashore, and other nineteenth-century technical shortcomings interfered.

Except for the rain and wind, Saturday began in the city of 38,000 inhabitants much the same as any other weekday. People prepared for another stint in the routine of six-day workweeks then common; not even an encroaching tide disturbed them greatly. Galvestonians had become used to occasional "overflows," when high water swept beachfronts. Houses and stores were elevated as a safeguard.

The tide kept crashing farther inland, and the wind steadily increased. The Weather Bureau official in charge locally, Isaac M. Cline, drove a horse-drawn cart around low areas warning people to leave. Comparatively few people had evacuated the city, however, before bridges from Galveston Island to the mainland fell, and many people along the beach waited until too late to seek shelter in large buildings in a safer area downtown, away from the Gulf. Houses near the beach began falling first. The storm lifted debris from one row of buildings and hurled it against the next row until eventually two-thirds of the city, then the fourth largest in Texas, had been destroyed. People striving to make their way through wind and water to refuge were struck by hurtling bricks and lumber and sometimes decapitated by flying slate from roofs.

The greatest wind velocity registered before the anemometer blew away at 5:15 P.M. was an average of eighty-four miles an hour for a five-minute period, but gusts of 100 miles an hour had been recorded, and weathermen's estimates later reached more than 120 miles an hour. About 6:30 P.M. a storm wave, sweeping ashore in advance of the hurricane's vortex, caused a sudden rise of four feet in water depth, and shortly afterward the entire city was underwater to a maximum depth of fifteen feet. This storm wave caused much of the damage. The lowest barometer reading was 28.44, recorded shortly after 7:00 P.M. Around 10:00 P.M. the tide began to fall slowly, and little damage occurred after that.

September 9 dawned on desolation. Most of the city lay in shambles. Between 6,000 and 8,000 people in the city of Galveston had died, and estimated casualties for the entire island ranged from 10,000 to 12,000. Property damage is impossible to estimate by current standards, but contemporary figures ranged from twenty to thirty million dollars. A high-water mark of 15.7 feet and high winds had destroyed a third of the city, including 2,636 houses and 300 feet or 1,500 acres of shoreline. The sixteen ships anchored in the harbor at the time of the storm also suffered extensive damage. More violent and costlier hurricanes have struck coastal areas of the United States since 1900, but because of the death toll the Galveston storm that year is still called the worst recorded natural disaster ever to strike the North American continent.

Out of the chaos, citizens developed the commission form of city government now used by many other municipalities. Construction began on a six-mile-long seawall standing seventeen feet above mean low tide, and that protective barrier has been extended since then. Inside the city, sand pumped from the Gulf floor raised the grade as much as seventeen feet. This work required advance raising of 2,146 buildings and many streetcar tracks, fireplugs, and water pipes. Trees, shrubs, and flowers had to be removed if the owners wanted to save them. The largest building raised was a 3,000-ton church. It was boosted five feet off the ground with jacks, then fill was pumped underneath; church services were held on schedule.

The great storm that wrought all this left a long track. From Texas it traveled into Oklahoma and Kansas, turned northeastward and crossed over the Great Lakes and part of Canada, and on September 12 passed north of Halifax and disappeared into the North Atlantic." - Handbook of Texas Online

We've included some pictures from the Library of Congress Collection.

Here's an interesting find...an article from the Galveston Daily News back in 1879 regarding the life of Jean Lafitte as...
09/07/2026

Here's an interesting find...an article from the Galveston Daily News back in 1879 regarding the life of Jean Lafitte as told by the widow of one of his favorite captains. As with everything about this famed criminal, you should probably take the article with a grain of salt. Maybe even a whole barrel of salted pork. But it sure is colorful!

Below it are two pics...one a colorful Hollywood style Jean Lafitte and the second much closer to what he likely looked like.

BUCCANEERS.
AN INTERESTING NARRATIVE OF THE PIRATICAL ERA.
Interview with Mrs. Campbell, widow of Lafitte’s favorite lieutenant—Statements by one who knew the Buccaneer Chief well—His Personal Appearance and Habits Described.

According to what may be regarded as reliable authority, the island of Galveston was discovered in 1698 by the colony of La Salle, but until 1816 it remained unsettled. A few roving Carankaway Indians occasionally visited the western end of the island for the purpose of fishing; but up to the period last mentioned there were no human habitations upon it. In fact there is reason to believe that since the year 1698 the island has more than doubled in extent, in consequence of the action of winds and waves. In the beginning of the year 1816 it was covered with long green grass, on which fed herds of deer that swam over from the mainland. The abundance of serpents found upon the island caused it to be called
SNAKE ISLAND
by the buccaneers from Barrataria who occasionally sailed into the bay while cruising about the gulf.
These visits of the Barratarians finally induced Don Jose Manuel Herrera, the minister of the Mexican patriots to the United States, to occupy the island, which he did in September, 1816, taking with him one Don Luis Aury, who, as commodore of the fleet of the republics of Mexico, Venezuela, La Plata and New Grenada, commanded a squadron of twelve or fifteen small vessels. Aury was then chosen civil and military governor of Texas and Galveston island, took the oath of fidelity to the republic of Mexico, and his vessels were immediately sent out as privateers to cruise against Spanish commerce.
________________________________________
AURY LEAVES GALVESTON.
In March, 1817, one of Aury’s privateers captured a Spanish vessel from Tampico, and from its correspondence learned of the defenseless condition of Soto la Marina, a town standing on an elevation on the left bank of the Santander, about sixty miles from the mouth of the river. Aury, Col. Perry and Xavier Mina immediately determined to take possession of the place. Accordingly, on the 6th of April, they sailed with their entire naval and military force from Galveston bay, and the town fell into their hands without opposition.
A few days afterward the island of Galveston was occupied by
THE BUCCANEERS OF LAFITTE.
The headquarters at Barrataria, some sixty miles from the delta of the Mississippi, had been broken up by Commodore Patterson, of the United States navy, in June, 1814. The number of Lafitte’s followers on the island at the time of their arrival is stated to have been about forty.
On the 15th of April, 1817, the captains and owners of vessels then present—excepting Lafitte, who did not choose to have his name used—met on board the schooner Carmelita for the purpose of forming a government. The proceedings of the meeting are still extant, signed by Lafou, L. Derieux, Parisi, Renaud, A. Pironeau, Jr., Jno. Quere, B. Lavard, John Ducoing, Dutrieu, Savary, Rossellin, Denis Thomas, Marcelin, Jean Jannet, Faiquere, Richard Espagnol, Jos. Place, Gilop.
________________________________________
A FREEBOOTER’S GOVERNMENT.
Bay of Galveston, April 20, 1817.—The commanders of the independent Mexican vessels-of-war, assembled on board the schooner Jupiter for the purpose of nominating, with the requisite formalities required by the authority, which, in the name of the Mexican government, supports this motion, particularly in the existing war carrying on against the royalists of Spain; in consequence of which they have proceeded to pronounce an opinion in the following articles:
1. The treasurer shall pay on demand, upon the order of the government of the place, every expense which may be necessary for the port or harbor of Galveston, for the support of the officers employed, and for the munitions of war and other expenses, fixed according to the claims and obligations of the several officers.
2. That when the expenses of one month are ascertained, those of the month following may be anticipated out of the funds in hand.
3. That the surplus will be applied toward the payment of the debts of the government contracted prior to the 15th of April, 1817; upon the express condition, however, that no one who is not actually employed at said port shall enjoy the advantages of that arrangement, and that the old debts will be paid only to those who are actually employed at the port of Galveston.
4. That the salaries of the officers and others employed will be regulated by a special council, and that the whole will be entered on the register of deliberations.
The whole has been signed in the presence of the secretary pro tempore, Lafou.
________________________________________
LAFITTE’S AUTHORITY.
This new government had not the odor of legitimacy which attached to that of Aury. The latter was duly appointed by Manuel Herrera, commissioner from the Mexican republicans to the United States, and Herrera certainly received his appointment from President Morelos. Whether with or without the sanction of Aury, the Lafitte government stipulated for the payment of all the old debts of Aury’s administration, provided the creditors were not non-residents. This clause had the effect of rallying to Lafitte’s banner such of Aury’s followers as had claims against the old government.
As an evidence that the followers of Lafitte had no special authority for the organization of the government of April 15, 1817, may be cited the testimony of J. Ducoing, “a judge of the admiralty,” taken October 7, 1817, in sundry causes depending in the United States district court for the Louisiana district on behalf of the United States against sundry vessels and cargoes from Galveston:
John Ducoing, being duly sworn, says that the establishment at Galveston was composed by persons of various nations, and that the sole view and object of the persons comprising the said establishment was to capture Spanish vessels and property, without any idea of aiding the revolution in Mexico, or that of any other of the Spanish revolted colonies, as far as this deponent knows and believes. And the deponent says that during the time he exercised the functions of judge at Galveston, he had no knowledge or belief in the existence of a Mexican republic or other government independent of the Spanish government.
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TAKING THE OATH OF FIDELITY.
The undersigned persons having appeared for the purpose of taking the necessary oath of fidelity to the Mexican republic, now in the possession of those who represent that nation in this quarter—which act was executed with all due solemnity—
1. Appeared Louis Derieux, commandant, who took said oath in the presence of the citizen Louis Itourribarrí; after which—
2. The other authorities were severally sworn before the said commandant in regular form.
And, to establish its authenticity, it has been signed by all those who were present. And the said document shall be kept in the office of said post or place, with the signatures, as well as that of the representative, so that its validity may, at all times, be established.
And not being able from existing circumstances to obtain a seal of state, its place is supplied by a common one until an official seal can be procured.
LOUIS ITOURRIBARRI, A. PIRONNEAU, JR., R. ESPAGNOL, LOUIS DERIEUX, ROUSSELIN, J. DUCOING, Lafou, Sec’y ad interim.
By the 20th of the month, other sailing craft had arrived, and after due notice the captains and owners of vessels assembled on board the schooner Jupitor and proceeded to choose officers and lay down such rules of government as they required.
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THE BUCCANEER’S CAPITAL.
After a long and tedious trip, Campbell and his wife arrived at Bolivar point with the stock of cattle and hogs, and having made signal, were soon transferred to the island, where they were received in the most cordial manner and settlement. At the time of their arrival, according to the statement of Mrs. Campbell, who was recently interviewed by a News representative, the town of Campeachy, or Galveston, consisted of about 100 houses, located near the bay, and probably as far to the westward as Thirtieth street.
There were, she states, no houses on the east end of the island. The houses were generally of rude construction although a few of them were well and substantially built. The town was located on the ruins of the village which had been burned by Aury before his departure, and Lafitte had built him a house, which he painted red, and threw up around it a fort. His followers, who had wives or mistresses, brought them there, and society at Galveston, whatever may be said of its morals, began to have all the elements of permanency. Through New Orleans merchants they were supplied with building materials and provisions; a Yankee boarding-house sprang up, and to complete the establishment they constructed a small arsenal and dockyard.
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PERSONAL APPEARANCE OF LAFITTE.
The statement of Mrs. Campbell conflicts, in some particulars, with those of some historians who have attempted to describe the same. Lafitte was, at the time of his residence on Galveston island, about forty years of age, of dark complexion, handsome features, well formed, over six feet in height, strongly built, with large hazel eyes, black hair, and wore side whiskers only.
The statement that “he dressed in a green uniform and an otter skin cap,” is denied by Mrs. Campbell, who says she saw him almost daily during the three years he remained on the island, and she never knew him to wear any uniform whatever. The generally accepted portrait of the buccaneer chief, in which he is represented as wearing a belt filled with piratical pistols and cutlasses is repudiated by the venerable dame, who, being questioned by the News man, said: “I never knew the old man (meaning Lafitte) to wear any arms except on one occasion, when he had been challenged by one of his officers and was expecting an attack from him.”
He was a man of polite and easy manners, of retired habits, generous disposition, and of such a winning address that his influence over his followers was almost absolute.
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CAMPBELL’S CAREER.
Campbell remained with Lafitte nearly a year before he was entrusted with a command, although he soon gained the leader’s confidence and retained it until their final separation in 1821. Having secured the command of a hermaphrodite brig, he made numerous voyages to Margarita and the Mexican coast, and was quite fortunate in capturing numerous and valuable prizes. This very naturally caused some little jealousy in certain quarters, but resulted in nothing serious. In fact, Mrs. Campbell says that although the little community was composed of natives of so many different countries, they were, as a general thing, friendly towards each other, bickerings and hard feelings among the families being of rare occurrence.
Lafitte, she says, was a true friend of Americans, and neglected no opportunity to render them a service. She had frequently known him to offer protection and employment to citizens of the United States when they had come to him as refugees from Mexican oppression, and whenever they desired it he had supplied them with the necessary means to return to their homes.
As an evidence of his desire to avoid complications with the United States government, she narrated the case of
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THE HANGING OF BROWN.
In 1819, Lafitte was taken into the service of the republican party of Mexico, and appointed governor of Galveston. A ferocious character, by the name of Brown, applied to Lafitte to be taken into his service, stating that he was fitting out a small boat for the purpose. Lafitte, after examining the vessel, told Brown that it was too small to cross the gulf with. Brown answered that he only meant to cruise along the Mexican coast. Lafitte then, after some hesitation, agreed to commission the vessel, but warned Brown that if he disturbed the commerce of the United States he should be hanged.
In October, 1819, Brown left the island, and shortly afterward robbed an American vessel near Sabine Pass. Being chased by a United States revenue schooner, Brown beached his vessel, and, after he and his companions had nearly perished from hunger, came to Bolivar point, hoisted signals of distress, and were brought over to the island. The revenue schooner sailed down to the island in pursuit of them. Lafitte, suspecting the object of the commander of the vessel, performed his promise to Brown by hanging him on a conspicuous gibbet on an island near the present harbor improvement known as Little Campeachy. Mrs. Campbell distinctly remembers seeing the body of Brown dangling in the air at the point designated.
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WAS LAFITTE A PIRATE?
To this question Mrs. Campbell made the following reply:
“I know that the general opinion is that Lafitte was a pirate, but if he was I can truly say that I never saw any indications of his being one. I do not deny that unlawful acts were committed by some of those acting, or pretending to act, under his authority—men like Brown, for instance. But, as in that case, whenever such outrages came to his knowledge he redressed them as promptly and fully as possible. It must be remembered that there were many persons in command of vessels cruising about the gulf in those days who had no connection whatever with Lafitte; but he was credited with all their bad acts. I do not pretend to deny that he might have been a slaver or a smuggler—he certainly was a privateer—but a pirate he never was. The old man was always on the lookout for the good of those around him. He was one of the kindest-hearted men I ever knew, and I am sure there was scarcely a dry eye on Galveston island when he sailed away from it never to return.”
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THE BUCCANEERS’ DISBANDMENT.
In the year 1820, among other depredations committed by Lafitte’s men, or those pretending to be such, an American vessel was plundered and scuttled in Matagorda bay. A commission was sent by the United States government to investigate the matter which reported unfavorably to Lafitte. This, taken in connection with the repeated complaints of the Spanish minister at Washington, induced the American government early in 1821 to dispatch Lieutenant Kearney, with the brig Enterprise, to break up the establishment at Galveston.
Lafitte went over the bar to meet the lieutenant, conducted him to the “red house,” and treated him with that politeness and hospitality, which, as the prince of freebooters, he knew so well how to dispense. But Kearney’s orders were positive and were communicated to Lafitte. The latter, therefore, made immediate preparations to evacuate the island. He paid off his followers in full, and gave them leave to disband. He had the Pride, his favorite vessel, got in readiness, burned the town, and with other vessels comprising his fleet, abandoned the shores of Texas forever.
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THE CAMPBELLS.
The Campbells left Galveston on the same day in a small boat for New Orleans, having declined an invitation of Lafitte to accompany him. After a short sojourn in the crescent city they returned to Texas and lived for a few years on the lower Sabine. From this place they removed to the Trinity, and went thence to live at Double bayou. In the year 1836 they purchased one-third of a league on the bay, near Virginia point, where they continued to reside up to the time of Mr. Campbell’s death, which occurred in 1856.
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MRS. CAMPBELL.
To whom the News representative is indebted for most of the facts embodied in the foregoing narrative, is now in the 79th year of her life, and for one who has led such an eventful career and encountered such extraordinary hardships, appears remarkably vigorous. She has a son and daughter living in this city, and it was while paying them a visit recently that the foregoing interview was had. She has a very clear memory of incidents, and speaks of her husband’s connection with the alleged “pirate of the gulf” with the air of one who believes that he was more sinned against than sinning. When she alludes to Lafitte her feelings assume a most pleasing expression, showing that she has never wavered in her respect for the memory of the old man—pirate or no pirate.

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