04/26/2020
Epiglottitis is inflammation of the epiglottis. The epiglottis is located in the upper airway and is a little flap that covers the trachea during swallowing. If this "flap" becomes inflamed, it swells and this swelling could cause a partial or even complete airway occlusion. The inflammation may involve other structures such as the arytenoid, false cords and the posterior tongue. Epiglottitis affects children 2-5 years of age; however, the median age has been steadily increasing over the past decade and may be seen in children of all ages.
The associated inflammation common with epiglottitis presents acutely in these otherwise healthy children. Epiglottic inflammation occurs quickly and can be deadly if not recognized and dealt with rapidly. A serious fever above 104 F (40C) often accompanies the illness and can be dangerous if the patient isn't treated promptly.
These children will often be found sitting on the edge of their chair leaning forward and using accessory muscles in an attempt to help move air in and out of their lungs more effectively. Many children with epiglottitis will complain of a severe sore throat especially when they swallow. It is common to witness excessive salivation in children experiencing a sore throat and/or difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). A cough is usually not associated with epiglottitis, mainly due to upper airway component of the illness.
